Causes And Effects Of Air Pollution

When air gets polluted with dust, smoke, motor vehicles, mills and factories etc. is called air pollution. We know that air is an important element of our environment. But it is a matter of great regret that it is being polluted day by day in different reasons. Causes of Air pollution:There are different kinds of reasons of air pollution. The causes of air pollution are described below.1. Using poison in agriculture: In agricultural sectors, farmers often use insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers etc. These get mixed with air and causes air pollution. Besides, Ammonia is a very common by product from agriculture related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. âž ¢ Air Pollution-Paragraph2. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Burning of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one the major causes of air pollution. Smoke emitting from vehicles like buses, trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes etc. causes air pollution.3. Industrial sm oke: In mills and factories, large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals is emitted that causes air pollution. It is true that mills and factories can be found at every corner of the world that cause a huge amount of harmful gases that are the major causes of air pollution.4. Indoor activities: Different kinds of household activities like cleaning products, washing, painting etc. emit different kinds of toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution.Effects of Air pollution: There are different kinds of negative and harmful effects of air pollution. The effects of air pollution are described below.1. Global warming: Air pollution causes global warming in a great scale. With  increased temperatures world wide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signaled an impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization aren't undertaken soon.2. Causes dise ases: The effects of Air pollution are very harmful for health. It causes different kinds of respiratory diseases like heart attack, Cancer, bronchitis etc. Every year millions of people of all over the world die due to direct or indirect effects of air pollution.3. Acid Rain:Acid raining is another effects of air pollution. Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water droplets combines with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals and crops.4. Depletion of Ozone layer:Air pollution depletes Ozone layer. Ozone exists in earth’s stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Earth’s ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go thin, it w ill emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. UV rays also have the capability to affect crops.5. Harms to the wild life:Air pollution harms the wilderness. Humans and animals face a lot of devastating effects due to air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals.6. Depletion of Ozone layer:Air pollution depletes Ozone layer. Ozone exists in earth’s stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.  Earth’s ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. UV rays also have the capability to affect crops.Conclusion:In the long run, it can be said that it is the right time to protect air pollution. To create a better place to live in for the human being and wilderness we have stop air pollution.

Unit 7 – Childcare and Education Level 3 Cache

E1 Collate evidence which describes the role of the practitioner in meeting children’s learning needs. Gather and present information about the role of the practitioner whenchildren's learning needs. A practitioner’s role in meeting children’s learning needs are to understand and work with each and every child’s learning needs. They can do this by providing different opportunities to individual children because each child is unique and learns differently. The practitioners’ role would therefore be to plan and resource an environment that is challenging and helps children learn in many different areas of their learning.The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is there for the rights of children should allow children priority as they are more venerable. It states that all children’s wants and learning needs should be met. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has 4 cores principles and they are: Non-discrimination regardless of race, sex, gender, religion, disability and any other reason (Article 2), the best interest of the child for example; prevent child from being separated from their families unless separate on is necessary for the best interest of the child, the right to live, survival and development, freedom of speech and thought etc†¦ Article 11, 14 ; 13). Another thing as a practitioner, we need to do is promote a positive environment for parents, colleges and the children because a positive environment can mean that everyone within the setting can get a positive outcome in order to help meet the child’s needs best. Having on-going training can also benefit the practitioners role in meeting children’s needs, teach them about childcare and can help them meet the child’s learning needs because the practitioners go on training outside the setting to get a better insight on how to work with different practitioners, adults and children.E2 Provide information about current influenc es on play +E4 Include examples of different theoretical models of how children play and learn. One theorist which currently influences children’s play is Jean Piaget (1948). His theory was a theory on Cognitive development. He believed that children develop in stages and that they progress through these stages in chronological order. Piaget (1948) said that there were 4 stages of development from birth to adulthood; serisori: motor- birth – 2 years, pre-operational: 2-7 years, concrete operational: 7-11/12 years, formal operations: 11/12-16 years old.He carried out a study which is called ‘mountain study’ to investigate further into his theory. This study was done in a group of children being arranged in front of a simple plaster mountain range and than he sat himself to the side and asked the children to pick from four pictures. This study showed that older children picked what Piaget (1948) saw and the younger children would pick the view they could see . When looking back at this study, Piaget (1948) found out that the older children tend to understand other peoples views.The practitioners would have a role within the Early Years setting to support the children through the different stages of development and the adults should work alongside one another to help the child develop. His theory of cognitive development is based on the importance of active discovery learning where children have child-centred classroom (Maureen D 2006). Piaget theory (1948) allows practitioners to have opportunities to learn without teaching them, appropriate activates are set up through observing the child and these activities are than suitably challenging with real experiences (Maureen D 2006). ’the balance between adult-directed play and child-initiated play should be tipped heavily in favour of child-initiative play. ’’ (Maureen D 2006). Another theorist which currently influences children’s play is Susan Isaacs (1930). Sh e was a psychoanalyst who believed that free play indoors and outdoors is important for children’s needs, development as well as helping them to learn better. She said that free play was important and necessary for children.In 1924 Susan Isaacs became the principle of Malting house, where she set up an educational experiment alongside Geoffrey Pkye(1942) to experiment with different teaching ideas on a small group of children aged two and a half to seven years. Inside the house were three interesting features; the use and development of language to promote thinking, the attention paid to children’s emotions needs and the emphasising on animosity and finding out. Piaget (1948) and Sigmund Freud (1988) were both influenced by Susan Isaacs’s (1930) theory.This theory allows children to understand what is being asked and gives the children challenge in answering a question where they can think on their own. E3- Provide information about current influences on the pla nning and provision Gather information about what currently influences planning and provision of learning opportunities. Every Child Matters Framework which is currently in the process to be changed is part of the Children Act 2004; it is a piece of legislation which has and influences planning and provisions of learning opportunities.The Every Child Matters ensures that settings provide quality of children’s and young people’s play and learning. This supports children from birth to 19 years. When practitioners plan, they should relate their work to the five outcomes for children; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve though learning, make a positive contribution to society and achieve economic well-being. OFSTED is a regulatory body which makes sure all childcare settings are carrying out correct planning and allowing the children to learn. This is done by having inspections which are based on the five outcomes of Every Child Matters framework.They also do this by looking at each childcare setting to see what curriculum is being offered. Each childcare setting’s curriculum will be varied and this is something the OFSTED will understand for example: every child care setting will follow the (EYFS, 2012) Early Years Foundation Stage but if a setting has children of the age of 6they would follow the National Curriculum. OFSTED requires that practitioners and workers are familiar with the relevant curriculum and requirements of OFSTED. E6 Include TWO (2) examples of information from agencies outside the settingwhich may contribute to the assessment of learning needs.School Nurse A school nurse provides a variety of services such as undertaking health interviews and administering immunisation programmes. They can be employed by the local health authority, community trust, primary care trust or by the school directly. The responsibility of a nurse would include these roles: * Providing confidential health advice for individual children * Asse ssing the whole need of the school community and develop a health plan including a policy on bulling * Promoting good parenting skills by helping and supporting parents * Co-ordinating immunisation programmes Health plans for children with any disability * Providing training for school-based staff to support children with healthcare needs e. g. : asthma * Giving advice to parents, carers or school staff on childhood illnesses and the management and control of infection in the disease * Drug and alcohol abuse and smoking * Sexual health and relationship for example pregnancy * Exercise and healthy eating * Mental health and wellbeing * Obesity * Eating disorder * Disabilities E7 Include TWO (2) plans for curriculum activities which show different approaches to planning learning opportunitiesE8 Include information about the importance of consulting with parents and others when planning and providing learning opportunities. It is important to consult with parents and others when planni ng and providing learning opportunities for the child because the parents know their child’s best interests. This is because parents are their first educators and they know what resources their child likes to use and the likes and dislike of the child. It is also important because parents you may need permission from parents in order to carry out a certain activity.Effective partnership between a childcare setting and parents will help the environment of the setting become more positive for both the child and parents using the provision. It will make the setting and parents understand each other better as well as benefit the child because the child will feel safe and want to learn and achieve better. E9 Provide evidence of current and relevant research throughout the portfolio. Evidence of current and relevant research is provided in my appendix at the end of my assignment.D1 Include an explanation of the key issues in recording assessments. D2 Include an explanation of the k ey issues in recording assessments. + C2 Analyse the role of assessment in informing planning and respecting learning needs. There are many important points to consider when recording assessments of children. The most important issue in recording assessments would knowing the different techniques available to use and find the one that suits most when recording the assessment of the child.These techniques maybe; written narrative, video, photographs, target child observation, checklist observation, tick charts, time sampling, event sampling and mapping to record assessments of the children. The practitioner would need to decide what type of technique would be appropriate in assessing the child and the activity carried out. When using one of the techniques the practitioner would need to check if it was reliable and valid. A technique would be good when the practitioner is able to monitor the child’s behaviour, progress and development as well as keeping them frequent and up to date.Another important factor to consider when recording assessments of children is confidentiality. C1 Analyse the importance of planning and providing learning opportunities to meet children’s diverse needs. In order to plan and provide learning opportunities to meet children’s diverse needs practitioners need to make sure that all children are included within the task and activity. This can be done by providing a large range if motivating opportunities which are accessible to all children to help them develop and allow to support them.Another thing would be a safe environment for children to learn in which is free from any discrimination and bullying. This can be done by valuing and respecting one another (children, teachers, parents and other professionals). The practitioners would be working with other professionals such as an occupational therapist to help the child have the best learning opportunities available. B1 Evaluate how the current influences on play and different theoretical models affect the planning and provision of learning opportunities.Jean Piaget’s theory influenced today’s practice as†¦ Susan Isaac’s theory influenced today’s practice as she believed that play is very important and relives freedom which allows settings to have child lead activities. Another thing she influenced was the parents and carers of the children because she showed and made practitioners aware of the fact that parents are seen as the child’s first educators and therefore they are the most important when providing learning opportunities for the child.Susan’s theory is based on working with parents and carers and this is very vital to today’s influences on play in settings which than allows practitioners to be able to plan learning opportunities for the children in their care. This can also affect planning because the practitioners may not be interacting with the children very well because they are having child lead activities and the practitioners are not experiencing what the parents and cares say about the child and how they act during the activities toward the practitioners.Research has shown thatyoung children learn best when they are actively interacting with others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. E Wood and N Bennett (1999) International Journal ofEarly Years Education 7 (1) 5-16. This affects planning because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Discussion might also consider whether models are appropriate for all settings and factors which might be barriers to implementing change This affects planning because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A Include a reflective account of the role of the practitioner in supporting the learning needs of childrenDevelop the information gathered for E1 and use your experiences to consider learning needs of children and show understanding of your practice in supporting the learning needs of children. Use this reflection to suggest appropriate ways you could develop your role as a practitione r when working with children. My role as a practitioner in meeting children’s learning needs are to respect and value each individual child’s learning needs as well as understanding them.This will than allow me to provide different opportunities to individual children because ach child has individual needs and wants in the way that they learn by. Another role of mine is to plan for stimulating activities which are high in challenge to allow them to develop and learn new skills and abilities. Having a challenging environment for children allows the children to extend their learning in various styles and ways. The Equal opportunity policy is also taken into consideration by all practitioners in the setting so that all children are treated equally with respect and can enjoy and achieve their full potential.Staff ratio is also taken into account because we need enough staff in a setting to avoid accidents and keep all children safe and in a secure environment Bibliography: Books: Tassoni. Penny, Kate. Beith, Kath. Bulum and Harriet. Eldridge (2007) CACHE level 3 Child Care and Education 4th edition, London: Heinemann Marian. Beaver, Jo. Brewster, Sandy. Green, Sally. Neaum, Heidi. Sheppard, Jill. Tullack and Miranda. Walker (2008) Childcare and education Cache level 3 Cheltenham: Nelson Thorns

The Influence of Deweys Philosophies in Modern Americas Education Research Paper

The Influence of Deweys Philosophies in Modern Americas Education - Research Paper Example This report declares that Dewey supported an interdisciplinary syllabus. This syllabus centered on linking many subjects and enabled students to enter and exit classrooms independently as they search for and pursue their interests and build their particular paths for gaining and applying knowledge. The teacher’s role in such a syllabus would be to act as an enabler more than an instructor. Dewey argued that the teacher’s role was to detect the interests of students, watch the directions they pursue naturally, and afterwards, act as an individual who assists in building problem-solving skills. This paper makes a conclusion that a teacher ought to convey context material information while students learn in groups. Conventionally, the classroom has been arranged with the teacher in front and students seated in rows. This model of classroom arrangements is practical in today’s education system and has been commonplace for decades. A teacher normally conveys information to a class, who then acquire and repeat it in a type of a written exam. In contrast, Dewey’s philosophy involves students learning in groups that were exploring various concepts under the teaching material. In Dewey’s education system, one would observe multiple dialogs a lot of cooperation. Although one might also observe a written exam, there may also be student assignments, slideshows, or other distinguished methods of assessment.

Intellectual Property Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intellectual Property - Coursework Example On the payment of profits to Raybok however, Reedbok has a cause to defend itself against the payment because it is not counterfeiting the shoes of Raybok with that same name but then producing the shoes under different name. This is in light of the law, which states that â€Å"a company must not use a trade name, trade mark and/or geographic indication belonging to another entity as its company name† (In the House Lawyer, 2010). Of course, the name Reedbok is not the same as Raybok. Consumer vigilance has never been the duty or responsibility of owners of companies or copyright holders of names of products. Consumers are liable for their own choices. For this reason if any consumer out of ignorance or carelessness refuses to critically examine the shoes and buys the shoes thinking they are Raybok instead of Reedbok, Reed would not be the one at fault here and so would not be held accountable to pay any earnings to Raybok.

Comparison of the Ideas from Buddhism and the Vedas with Upanishads Essay

Comparison of the Ideas from Buddhism and the Vedas with Upanishads - Essay Example Similar to the Vedas, Buddhism considered the idea of karma, but its interpretation was completely different (Grant, 2009). Buddhism did not see karma as destiny or fate. In turn, in the Vedas, the idea of karma was related to the idea of debt. The Vedas stated that people were born in different social conditions as a result of belonging to different castes (caste of warriors, rulers, servants) or were born of women. Their karma or debt was seen in following the classic patterns of behavior in specific situations. The Buddhist idea of karma was completely different from the Vedic. In Buddhism, karma was regarded as "impulses" that encourage people to do something or think (Grant, 2009). These pulses occurred as a result of previous habitual actions or behaviors. However, since there is no need to follow every impulse, human behavior is not strictly deterministic.Both the Vedas/the Upanishads and Buddhism considered the idea of rebirth, but it was understood in different ways. In the Vedas as well as in the Upanishads, it is atman, or "I" that is permanent, unchanging, and separate from the body and mind (Gunasekara, n.d.). It is always the same, passing from life to life. All of these "I" or Atman are one with the universe, or Brahma. Consequently, the diversity that people see around them is an illusion, since in reality all people are one with the Brahma. Buddhism treated this issue differently because it believed that there was no unchanging "I", or atman. "I" exists.

LEAN THINKING (Manufacturing Lean Tools) Assignment

LEAN THINKING (Manufacturing Lean Tools) - Assignment Example In other words, demand requests supply hence pulls the supply out of the company. It can, therefore, be argued that the market fuels the needs that stimulate the company to make an individual product, which in turn emerges as a reaction to the pull action of demand. A company is not in a position to develop complete knowledge of the market as well as its players, which are marked by the dynamism and changeability of their needs and actions (Sharma & Agrawal, 2009). As a result, planning for organizational activities becomes risky endeavour and hence cannot be carried out for very long spans of time. The basis for the application of the pull strategy is hence an unstable context where the same business processes cannot be successfully reiterated (Sharma & Agrawal, 2009). Business competitiveness is not established with the creation of rigid cost structures that are steadily reduced with time. This means that the competitive force associated with pull strategies lies in the ability of the pull strategies to react to the market in rapid action. Additionally, experience in production and communications is not hyped (Sharma & Agrawal, 2009). Rather, knowledge is created in flexible responses as per the manufacturing processes, and also to informatio n and communications. For that reason, the competitiveness of pull systems is dependent on the ability to react afore the competition to the varying needs of demand. This applies not only to material flows but also to the flows of information and communications. It, therefore, appears that for the business sectors that experience elevated degrees of competitive intensity, only pull type policies are applied, considering the impracticality of long-term planning as well as the accentuated dynamism of demand and competitors. However, this does not occur because, the type of pull strategy has to be recognized on the basis of the details of each business process. For controlled competition economies, pull

PetMed Express Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PetMed Express - Essay Example (Porter, 1985) The Force Field Analysis model defines two opposing forces acting on an organization. The driving forces push for change while the restraining forces act as a barrier for change (Falletta, 2005). To achieve the desired change, it needs to unfreeze the current state of equilibrium in an organization by adding driving forces or by eliminating restraints. Once achieved, the organization must refreeze or reestablish equilibrium. The strength of the model is its simplicity. The weakness is the assumptions that disequilibrium is expected to occur; changes occur simultaneously; and equilibrium will be reestablished. Leavitt's Model depicts a diamond shaped model showing interdependence among four variables: structure, technology, task and people. The model illustrates an assumption that changes in one variable affect the other variables. It is similar to opposing forces of the Force Field Analysis. However, the focus is within the internal environment of the organization and excludes the effect of the external environment. (Falletta, 2005) Likert System Analysis addresses seven organizational variables such as motivation, communication, interaction, decision-making, goal setting, control and performance (Falletta, 2005). ... The weakness of the analysis rests on the exclusion of external environment forces that would affect the organization. The measurement also assumes independence on each level. (Falletta, 2005) The Open Systems Theory conceptualizes an organization as a social system which is dependent on the environment they work in. The theory illustrates a repeated cycle of inputs, throughputs, outputs and renewed input with a feedback loop that connects the output and renewed inputs (Falletta, 2005). Weisbord's Six-Box Model follows the open systems theory. The model illustrates six variables in an organization such as purposes, structure, relationships, leadership, rewards and helpful mechanisms. The model also identifies two management systems - formal and informal systems, which are crucial to the effectiveness of an organization. The strength of the model lies on the assumption that the external environment has great influence through the organizational inputs and outputs. The model also takes into consideration the suitability of an organization to its environment. However, the model does not make any direct causal statement regarding the interconnections between variables. (Falletta, 2005) The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model also follows the open systems theory that assumes an organization as a dynamic, open social system within a larger environment where behavior occurs at the levels of an individual, a group and the whole system. As with Weisbord's model, it takes into account the formal and informal systems. The strength of the model lies on the consideration of the interaction and congruence between the individuals, group and system. The external

Field trip report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Field trip report - Research Paper Example Tourists and tourism companies have began to seek more sustainable tourism activities, with one of the key areas being carbon neutrality. Carbon neutrality was introduced for the first time in the climate change context. The industry contributes approximately 6% of emissions of CO2 globally, with 94% being from travel by air. Carbon neutrality’s implication is carbon emission balancing via offsetting of the carbon footprint of a destination. This mainly involves investing in renewable sources of energy and also investing in forestry. It is achieved when a tourist, company, or destination manages to neutralize the emission of carbon from travel and high carbon emitting facilities like electricity generators. This paper aims to report on the carbon neutral activities that support the move towards sustainable development in tourism via the use of indicators specific to carbon neutrality. Introduction In the sustainable tourism context, indicators are sets of information that are chosen in order to make regular measurements of changes in issues and assets which are vital for development of tourism, as well as a destination’s management (Ball, 2009 p101). ... The publication is descriptive of more than forty issues concerning sustainability, which range from natural resource management to control of development, tourist and host community satisfaction, cultural heritage preservation, climate change, economic leakages, seasonality, among others (Ball, 2009 p109). Each issue is listed with management techniques and indicators suggested along with examples and practical sources of information. The publication is also inclusive of how to develop indicators that are destination specific. The tourism industry responded to the issue of climate change in a two fold manner (Association, 2008 p34). These are mitigation and adaptation. In the past, the industry had taken steps to deal with climate change based on service provider activities. The transport operators, both rail and air, tried to cut down CO2 emissions, while facilities for accommodation made an attempt to regulate and control emission. In recent times, however, there has been a push f or the realization of a future with low-carbon. The tourist destinations aim to achieve tourism that is sustainable. This is referred to as destinations that are carbon neutral. In July 2009, Caribbean countries revealed their plan to become the world’s first carbon-neutral destination, citing tourist resource vulnerability assessment, as well as evaluation of tourism’s impact on the environment. This marketing plan does not aim at increasing tourist numbers, but rather their consumption, leading to increased travel quality. UNWTO has set an average tourist consumption of approximately 50%. Carbon neutrality can be defined as the process through which emissions are calculated via a transparent process, reduced and residual emissions offset so

Early Graphic Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early Graphic Design - Essay Example Social Factors – the rise of the Industrial Revolution with the invention of the steam engine in many ways brought about disruptive changes to society, in which the previous agricultural or feudal system gave way to industrialisation due to a new economic system of capitalism. It gave rise to urban slums where family members were separated, an exploitation of labour and the rise of a new wealthy class of capitalists, in addition to landed aristocracy and royalty. Economic Factors – capitalism is enhanced by the new economic system of industrialisation, in which goods were mass produced for consumption, unlike the previous production system of individually-crafted products made by skilled artisans and their guilds. The sheer number of new products on the market required a new way of marketing these products to people and one way to distinguish one product from another is the use of graphic design to entice buyers.The mass production of goods caused the birth of graphic d esign as a form of advertisement, but this kind of new art was considered a poor imitation of the earlier Gothic style of designs. The Gothic or medieval style was more detailed and thought to be real works of art borne out of the dedicated and loving work of artisans who produce these art works for only few people but not for the mass market. The Gothic style, according to Pugin, represented religion and it was also considered to be English, in contrast to the classical style which he thought as pagan and worldly.